Purchasing a car is one of the biggest and most important investments you can make. With so many makes, models, features, and factors to consider, it can feel overwhelming trying to decide which set of wheels is right for you. But buying a car doesn't have to be stressful. With the right information and tips, you can shop smart and find the perfect vehicle to fit your needs and budget.
This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about buying, owning, maintaining, and driving your automobile. From decoding common industry terms to the must-have safety features you should look for, we’ll cover all the car basics and beyond. You’ll also get insider tips for how to get the most bang for your buck when purchasing a used or new car and advice for keeping your ride running smoothly for years to come.
Whether you’re buying your first car or shopping for an upgrade, let this informative guide give you the tools and knowledge you need to make the savviest automobile-related decisions. Put the joy back in your car search and ownership experience.
A Quick History of Cars: How We Got Here
Cars have come a long way since their invention in late 19th century Germany. Karl Benz is credited with creating the first practical automobile, patented in 1886. Henry Ford revolutionized the industry with the introduction of the assembly line in 1913, making cars widely affordable and accessible for the average American.
Fast forward to today, where advanced technologies like electrification, autonomy, and connectivity are paving the way for the future of transportation. Modern consumers have their choice of efficient gas-powered cars, hybrids, and fully-electric EVs capable of intelligent driving assistance.
As automotive innovation races ahead, some things remain constant. Cars still promise independence, convenience, and adventure. For many, they represent a ticket to freedom. Even with more transportation options, cars remain a vital part of everyday life for most Americans.
Types of Automobiles: Understanding the Options
With an overview of automotive history under your belt, let’s review the main categories of cars and vehicles available today:
Sedans
Sedans, sometimes called saloons, are cars with four doors and a traditional trunk. Available in small, midsize, or large, sedans offer roomy interiors and excellent handling. They tend to get better gas mileage than SUVs. Sedans range from affordable economy cars to luxury vehicles. Popular options include the Honda Civic, Toyota Camry, and BMW 3-Series.
SUVs
Short for “sport utility vehicles,” SUVs are larger vehicles built on a truck chassis. Their ample cargo space and available AWD make them popular with families. Small SUVs offer better fuel economy but less interior room than full-size options. Leading SUV models include the Ford Explorer, Jeep Grand Cherokee, and Subaru Outback.
Trucks
Pickup trucks like the Ford F-150 and Chevy Silverado are ideal for hauling heavy loads thanks to their open cargo beds. Trucks range from bare bones utilitarian workhorses to lavishly appointed personal trucks. Most offer 4WD/AWD to handle off-road conditions. Trucks typically get poor fuel economy but provide unmatched utility.
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
EVs run on electricity stored in rechargeable battery packs. They produce zero direct emissions, making them better for the environment. Range and charging station availability are still limitations. Well-known EVs include the Tesla Model 3 and Nissan LEAF. Plug-in hybrid cars like the Toyota Prius Prime offer electric and gas power.
Hybrids
Hybrids combine gas engines with electric motors and batteries to get better MPG than gas-only models. They don’t need charging and switch between electric and gas seamlessly. Toyota pioneered hybrid tech with the Prius. Many carmakers now offer hybrid versions of popular models.
Keeping Your Car Running Smoothly
Owning your dream car loses its luster pretty quick if your vehicle is out of commission at the repair shop. Performing routine maintenance and knowing what to do when common issues arise will keep your wheels rolling along smoothly for years. Follow this handy primer on auto upkeep and preventative care.
The Importance of Regular Oil Changes
One of the easiest ways to extend the life of your car is to change the oil regularly. Most automakers recommend swapping out the oil every 5,000-7,500 miles or about once every six months. Newer synthetic oils allow for longer change intervals. Skipping oil changes can damage your engine and lead to costly repairs down the road.
Tire Pressure and Tire Rotation
Proper tire pressure improves your car's handling and fuel economy while reducing the risk of a blowout or flat. Check the PSI monthly and top off underinflated tires. Rotating the tires every 6,000-8,000 miles helps them wear evenly and last longer.
Replacing Air Filters
A dirty air filter can limit air flow to the engine, reducing performance. Replace the air filter annually or every 15,000 miles. For most cars, it's an easy DIY fix that takes minutes. Check your owner's manual for guidance.
Addressing Strange Noises
Unusual sounds like squealing, grinding, or knocking shouldn't be ignored. Have your mechanic inspect any new concerning noises right away before they intensify or cause damage. Strange smells like burning rubber or an overheating engine also warrant timely attention to prevent breakdowns.
Jump Starting a Dead Battery
A dead battery is one of the most common car issues. Safely jump start your car using jumper cables connected to a running car with a good battery. Let the dead battery charge for 15 minutes before attempting to start your car. Driving will continue charging the battery.
Changing a Flat Tire
A basic maintenance skill all drivers should master is swapping out a flat tire with your spare. Use your jack to lift the car and follow the lug nut tightening pattern in your manual. Inspect your spare tire pressure and tread wear periodically so it's functional when needed.
Must-Have Safety Technologies for Your Vehicle
Safety is a top priority, whether you're purchasing your first car or upgrading your current ride. Look for these advanced safety features to protect yourself and your passengers on every trip:
Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS)
ABS prevents brakes from locking up and helps you maintain control steering in an emergency stop. Standard on most vehicles, ABS pumps the brakes to stop skidding and sliding. This active safety system is essential for maintaining steering control in adverse conditions.
Stability Control
Also called electronic stability control (ESC), this feature automatically brakes individual wheels and reduces engine power to keep your car stable in turns. ESC helps prevent rollovers and loss of control, especially valuable for SUVs. It's one of the biggest lifesavers in auto accident avoidance.
Lane Departure Warning and Lane Keep Assist
These systems alert you when drifting out of your lane when cruising on highways. Lane keep assist can nudge your car back into the lane. Lane warnings reduce the risk of collisions during unintended lane departures and keep you focused.
Blind Spot Monitoring
Sensors detect cars in your blind spots and alert you when a vehicle is in your side mirror blind zones. Blind spot systems help you change lanes safely without having to strain to look over your shoulder.
Rear Cross Traffic Alert
Backing out of parking spaces gets safer with rear cross traffic alert. Sensors warn you of approaching cross traffic that may be obscured when reversing. This feature prevents back-over collision accidents in parking lots.
Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking
This combo alerts you if you're at risk to collide with the vehicle ahead and applies the brakes if you don't react in time. Forward collision warning paired with auto braking is one of the most valuable safety technologies for avoiding crashes.
Top Tips for Used Car Shopping
For budget-minded buyers, purchasing a used vehicle is the most affordable way to get a nice ride. Used cars depreciate in value rapidly, but still have plenty of life left when maintained properly. Follow these tips to score the best deal on a quality pre-owned car:
- Check vehicle history reports for accidents or title issues
- Take any prospects for a thorough test drive
- Have a mechanic inspect before purchase to uncover problems
- Compare prices online for the same make/model to negotiate the best rate
- Look for certified pre-owned (CPO) cars that have passed rigorous inspections
- Calculate financing terms before committing to understand total costs
- Test all features throughly and carefully inspect the exterior, interior, undercarriage, and tires
- Make sure all repairs needed are addressed before finalizing the sale
Buying used requires diligence to avoid buying a lemon, but comes with huge cost savings over new. Take your time test driving different makes and models in your budget to get a feel for options. The right used car is out there!
Should You Buy or Lease Your Next Vehicle?
When it comes time to get a new ride, deciding whether to buy or lease elicits much debate. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each option?
Buying
Pros:
- Build equity as you pay down your loan
- Freedom to modify, customize or sell the car
- No mileage limits
Cons:
- Higher upfront and long-term costs
- Responsible for selling when ready for next car
- Stuck with maintenance and repair costs
Leasing
Pros:
- Lower monthly payments than buying
- Easy upgrade to new car at lease end
- Covers maintenance and repairs (except wear and tear)
Cons:
- Never build equity in the vehicle
- Strict mileage limits and wear and tear clauses
- Potential early termination penalties
Weigh the pros and cons based on your budget, expected mileage, and plans to keep long term vs always driving a newer car. Leasing makes more sense for low mileage drivers who swap cars frequently. Buying is ideal for higher mileage and keeping cars beyond loan payoff.
Keeping Your Interior Fresh
The gleaming exterior of a new car eventually loses its luster. But you can keep the interior looking and smelling brand new with these detailing tips:
- Use a microfiber cloth and vinyl/leather cleaner to treat surfaces
- Remove dust and loose debris with a handheld vacuum
- Spot clean carpet stains with an interior carpet cleaner
- Use a stiff brush on floor mats before vacuuming
- Freshen the air with a vent-clip car air freshener or odor eliminating bomb
- Seal floor mats in plastic bags to trap odors if they can't be cleaned
- Shampoo fabric upholstery and steam clean cloth seats as needed
- Toss out trash and organize the interior frequently
A clean, odor-free interior helps you enjoy your ride. Make time for regular interior cleaning and you’ll be greeted with a pleasant cabin every drive.
Choose Your Next Car Wisely
Purchasing a car is an exciting experience. But it carries a tremendous financial commitment. With knowledge of available options, an eye for quality pre-owned vehicles, and preventative maintenance diligence, you can make smart automobile-related decisions. Keep this guide handy as you shop for and care for your car. Vroom vroom!
Frequently Asked Questions About Cars
What type of car is best for me?
The right car for you depends on factors like budget, cargo/passenger needs, driving habits, and personal preferences. Make a list of must-have features and test drive different styles to get a feel for what you like. Sedans and small SUVs suit most budgets and needs. Go bigger for family hauling or off-road adventures. Consider fuel efficiency and ownership costs too.
How much should I budget for a used car?
You can find quality used cars for $10,000 to $15,000. Calculate 10-15% of the purchase price annually for insurance, gas, routine maintenance, and registration costs. Also budget 1-2% of the car's value per year for repairs. Define your target price range then allow extra for these ownership costs. Research prices for desired makes/models and don't overpay.
What's included in a certified pre-owned (CPO) car?
CPO cars offer the reliability of new with the value of used. They are thoroughly inspected, reconditioned if needed, and come with extended manufacturer warranties. Many CPO perks include roadside assistance, vehicle history reports, upgraded warranties, and special financing rates. Shop CPO inventory for almost-new cars without the full new car price.
Should I buy an electric vehicle (EV)?
EVs cost more upfront but save on gas and maintenance. Falling battery prices are making EVs more affordable. Consider an EV if you have short commutes within max battery range and access to home or workplace charging. Limited public charging stations causes range anxiety for long trips. Plug-in hybrids provide gas backup when electric charge runs low.
How often should I get my car serviced?
Follow your owner's manual maintenance schedule for oil changes, tire rotations, fluid flushes, etc. Most recommend oil changes every 5,000-7,500 miles or 6 months, whichever comes first. Inspect brake pads, engine belts, battery, and tires at least annually. Address strange noises, leaks, or issues immediately to prevent bigger problems. Proper maintenance prevents breakdowns and costly repairs.
Owning and caring for a car doesn't need to be confusing or stressful. Arm yourself with the right knowledge to make smart decisions for purchasing, operating, and maintaining your vehicle. Let this FAQ guide help you navigate common questions about automobile ownership. Check back regularly as we update with new tips and advice. Drive on!
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